210, CVC 210
(Cal. Veh. Code Sec. requires a "clear" face
photo) (see Defect # 1 on the Home page)
342, AB 342 (Assembly Bill of 2017, would
allow the use of speed cameras in California) (see
the Action page)
949, SB
949 (Senate Bill of 2010 - stops ticketing under
local Muni Code.) (see the Action page)
1022, AB
1022 (Assembly Bill of 2003 - supposed "camera
reform") (see Older Legislation, on the Action
page)
1132, SB1132 (Senate Bill of 2018 - would
halve the fine for rolling a right turn) (see the
Action page)
1303, SB
1303 (Senate Bill of 2012 - supposed "camera
reform") (see the Action page)
1385, PC 1385 (Penal Code Sec. allows the
cop or prosecutor to ask the court to
dismiss a case. Often
heard spoken in court as: "Dismiss, 1385.")
(See FAQ # 41)
21453(a) and
21453(c) (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. 21453(a)
prohibits running straight through a red or
rolling
a right turn on a
circular red
light, and 21453(c) prohibits going through on a
red
arrow
and is mostly
used for left
turns. See also FAQ # 8 on the Links page.)
21453(b)
(Cal. Veh. Code Sec. 21453(b)) (see Set # 2 of
City of LA Docs, and AB 2128, in this Index)
21453(a) vs. 21453(b) - See FAQ # 15, on
the Links page.)
21455.5,
CVC 21455.5 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. sets out
foundational requirements for cameras) (see
Defect # 10 on the Home
page)
21455.6,
CVC 21455.6 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. requires a public
hearing before commencing camera
program; excludes use of
photo radar) (see Defect # 6 on the Home page)
21455.7,
CVC 21455.7 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. provides minimum
yellow light durations) (see the Expanded
Version of Defect #
2) Minimums are 3.0 in a 25 or for any turn,
3.2 in a 30, 3.6 in a 35, 3.9 in a 40, 4.3 in a
45.
21462, CVC
21462 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. allows a Necessity
Defense) (see FAQ # 25 on the Links page)
21710, CVC 21710 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. for
"Coasting" - a non-point violation) (see Coasting,
in this Index)
22526, CVC 22526 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. for
gridlock) (see Gridlock, in this Index)
40518, CVC
40518 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. requires mailing of
camera ticket within 15 days) (see
FAQ # 9 on the Links page
and Defect # 8 on the Home page)
40519, CVC
40519 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. allows pleading not
guilty by mail ) (see FAQ # 28 on the Links page)
40802, CVC
40802 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec. - prohibits speed traps
(see Speeding Tickets, on the Links page)
40902, CVC 40902 (Cal. Veh. Code Sec.
allows Trial by Declaration and Trial de Novo)
(see
the Your Ticket page)
The numbered 'Defects' on the Home page:
1. Driver's Face Photo
2. Yellow Light Too Short for the
Speed on the Street
3. (Merged into # 2)
4. Warning Signs Too Small, Absent
5. ACS/Xerox/Conduent Cameras
6. City Didn't Issue Warning Tickets
for 30 Days; Other Required Warnings
7. Light Bulbs Take a While to Come On
8. Failure of City to Mail Ticket on
Time and/or with Proper Proof of Service and/or
Incomplete Ticket
9. Churning - Quotas, Signals that
Change too Quickly, Enforcement on Left or Right
Turns, Putting Cameras
at Confusing
Intersections
10. Hearsay, Lack of Foundation,
Constitutionality, Lack of Probable Cause
--------------------------------
Please note that on Aug. 17, 2008,
highwayrobbery.net launched a new condensed
version of the Home/Defects
page. If you are having trouble finding
something that you saw before, it might be
something that is only on
the
original/expanded
version of the page - which is still
available, and fully maintained.
--------------------------------
AAA-affiliated auto clubs (see AB 1022 section on
the Action page, the News section on
the Links page, and
Defining
Approach Speed)
AB 1022 (see the Action page)
ACS/Xerox/Conduent Cameras (see Defect # 5 on the
Home page, and East LA section on the Camera Towns
page)
ACS Corporation (see News section on the Links
page, and Camera Companies, in this Index)
ATS (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Accident Avoidance Systems (see FAQ # 42 on the
Links page)
Accident Photos, taken by red light cameras (see
Industry
PR page)
Accident Records, getting (see SWITRS, in this
Index)
Accident Statistics, studies (see FAQ # 6 and FAQ
# 19, on the Links page)
Action page
Addresses for Cities (see the Links page)
Affiliated Computer Services (see ACS, in this
Index)
Allen, People vs. John (see San Diego Documents
Set # 3)
Alternatives to Cameras (see FAQ # 6 on the Links
page)
Amber light (see Yellow Light, in this Index)
Ambulance Behind You (see Necessity Defense, in
this Index)
American Traffic Solutions, or ATS (see
Camera Companies, in this Index)
Amnesty/Reduced Fines (see the 2021 CalMatters
article in the Ignore Your Ticket? section near
the top of
the Your Ticket page, and the
big box near the top of the Handling Your Ticket
section on the Your Ticket page)
Android apps, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ
# 11 on the Links page)
Annette B., People vs., court decision (see Defect
# 10 - D on the Home page, and Appeal Decisions,
in this Index)
Appeal, Motion to Augment the Record - example
(see the Franco case
in the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
)
Appeals (see Settled Statement and the Your Ticket
page)
Appeal Decisions (see
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
)
Approach, definition (Industry terminology meaning
camera enforcement against traffic moving
in a single compass
direction at an intersection - an intersection
could have up to four
Approaches operating - although
most just have one or two)
Approach Speed, defining (see the Expanded Version
of Defect # 2
and
Defining
Approach Speed)
Apps, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ # 11 on
the Links page)
Arizona Tickets (see Mesa in this Index, and the
Speeding Ticket section on the Links page)
Arm-twisting (see the "It's Not Me! " section of
the Your Ticket page)
Armey, Dick, Congressman, retired (see the Links
page)
Arraignment, definition (see FAQ # 23, on the
Links page)
Assigned for All Purposes (see
Challenging
the Judge)
Astroturf Lobbying (see
Industry
PR page)
Atlantic / Whittier Intersection (see East LA
section on the Camera Towns page)
Attorneys, referral to (see Disclaimers section on
the Home page)
Augment the Record (on appeal), Motion to -
example (see the Franco case
in the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
)
Ausen, People vs. (see Necessity Defense, in this
Index)
Auto Clubs (see NMA and AAA, in this Index)
Automated (phone or Internet) System at Clerk's
Office (see FAQ # 31 on the Links page)
Backing Up, after crossing limit line (see FAQ #
30 on the Links page)
Bail, no bail required (see the "no bail" box in
Sec. 3 of the Your Ticket page)
Baltimore, Maryland, City of (see the Links page)
Beltran, P. vs. (see Change of Venue, in this
Index)
Best Evidence Rule (see the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Bills, current and past legislation (see the
Action page)
Blank Out sign (see Set # 6 on the Metro Docs page
and Sign Requirements, in this Index)
Blow-up, using a blow-up to compare
before-and-after brightness (see the Expanded
version of Defect # 7)
Bluffing by Police (see "Police Going Too Far..."
on the Your Ticket page)
Bohl, appellate court decision (see link in Defect
# 10 on the Home page)
Borzakian, People vs., court decision (see Defect
# 10 - D on the Home page, and Appeal Decisions,
in this Index)
Boycott ! (see
You Don't
Have to Shop There..., on the Action/Legis
page)
Brake Failure (see Necessity Defense, in this
Index)
Brake Lights Look On? (see FAQ # 4 on the Links
page)
Braking Distance (see Stopping Distance, in this
Index)
Bribery (see FAQ # 34 on the Links page)
Briefs - samples re: red light cameras (see
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
and
"Briefs" in the FYT Addendum)
Brown, David W. (see Fight Your Ticket, in this
Index)
Bumper, position in photos (see FAQ # 32 on the
Links page)
Business Vehicle (see Company Car, in this Index)
Busway (see Metro, in this Index)
Buttons, Don't Shop In... (see the Action page)
CHP Stopping Distances Chart (see Stopping
Distances, in this Index)
CHP- ticket issued by (see Disambiguation, near
the bottom of the Camera Towns page)
COV- Change of Venue (see Change of Venue, in this
Index)
CPRA - Cal. Public Records Act (see the Getting
Records page and
the Cal. Journalist's Legal
Notebook on the Links page)
CTCDC - Cal. Traffic Control Devices Committee
(see the Expanded Version of Defect # 2,
and
Defining
Approach Speed)
CalAware Guide to Journalism Law in California
(see the Reference section on the Links page)
California Codes, looking up (see the Reference
section on the Links page)
California Traffic Control Devices Committee (see
CTCDC, in this Index)
Californians Aware (see CalAware, in this Index)
CalTrans (see the Expanded Version of Defect # 2,
and the Links page)
Camera Companies, who are they? (see FAQ # 34 on
the Links page)
Camera Companies' PR (see the
Industry
PR page)
Camera Locations, the most common sites (see FAQ #
35 on the Links page)
Cameras, alternatives to (see FAQ # 6 on the Links
page)
Cameras Page (see the Camera Towns page in this
Index)
Camera Towns
page
Candor from Officials - about the cameras' effect
upon safety (see Section 4.5 on the
Industry
PR page)
Case Law (published appeal decisions) (see Appeal
Decisions, in this Index)
Cerritos, California, City of (see the Camera
Towns page) (program closed in 2016)
Certificate of Mailing, required (see Defect # 8
on the Home page)
Certified copy, Certified letter, Certificate of
Mailing (see the Getting Records page)
Challenges (see the Your Ticket page and
Challenging
the Judge)
Change of Venue - to the County Seat (see
Challenging
the Judge)
CHP (see the beginning of the "C" entries in this
Index)
Churning (see Defect # 9 on the Home page)
Citation, sample (see
WeHo
Sample Citation)
Civil Assessments (see Collections, in this Index)
Class Action Suits (see the
Class
Actions page)
Coasting - CVC 21710 - a non-point charge (see the
Alternatives box, in the Handling Your
Ticket section of the Your
Ticket page)
Cold plates (see FAQ # 22 on the Links page)
Collections, collection agencies (see Defect # 8
on the Home page, the big box near the top
of the Handling Your Ticket section
on the Your Ticket page, and FAQ # 39)
Collision avoidance systems (see FAQ # 42)
Comments (see the Links page)
Commercial Drivers License (see the Alternatives
box, in the Handling Your
Ticket section of the Your
Ticket page)
Community Service (see FAQ # 3 on the Links page)
Companies (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Company car - ticket issued to company name
(contact me)
Conduent Inc. (see Camera Companies, in this
Index)
Confidential License Plates (see FAQ # 22 on the
Links page)
Confrontation (see Defect # 10 - D on the Home
page)
Constitutionality (see Defect # 10 on the Home
page)
Contacting editor/webmaster of this Site (see
bottom of the Action page)
Contingency contracts (see Subsection B of Defect
# 10 on the Home page)
Contract terms - between city and camera vendor
(see FAQs # 16, 17 and 18 on
the Links page, and the Fake
Ticket section on the Your Ticket page)
Contributions, monetary (see Donations, in this
Index)
Contributions, information (see Information
Wanted, in this Index)
Copies, of documents or evidence, poor
quality (see Best Evidence, in this Index)
Copy photos from the camera company's website, How
to (see FAQ # 43 on the Links page)
Corporate car (see Company Car, in this Index)
Cost: What is the montly cost or rent for a
camera system? (see FAQ # 17, on the Links page)
Cost Neutral contracts (see Subsection B. of
Defect # 10 on the Home page)
Costa Mesa, California, City of (see Fischetti, in
this Index; also see the Camera Towns page)
County ordinance (not CVC) used to issue moving
violation tickets (see Section 9 on the Links
page and SB 949 on the
Action page)
County seat, transfering ticket to (see Change of
Venue, in this Index)
Court appearance, definition (see FAQ # 23 on the
Links page)
Courtesy Notice (as of 2013 has two meanings - see
the "Police Going Too Far..." section of the Your
Ticket page)
Crash photos (see Accident Photos, in this Index)
Credit rating/report - (see "Will Your Credit
Rating Be Dinged?" in Set # 2 on the LA County
Docs page)
Creepy phone calls (see "Police Going Too Far..."
on the Your Ticket page)
Culver City, 2000 tickets refunded rumor (see
Culver City Documents page)
DC - District of Columbia (see Washington DC, in
this Index)
DOT guidelines (see Guidelines, federal, in this
Index)
Decisions (see the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions)
Declaration, Trial by (see Trial by Declaration,
in this Index)
Delaware cameras (see the Links page)
Delinquent tickets (see the big box near the top
of the Handling Your Ticket section on the Your
Ticket page)
Demerit points for out-of-state drivers (see FAQ #
39, on the Links page)
Demurrer (see Defect # 8 - A on the Home page)
Disclaimer (see the Home page)
Discovery (see the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Dismissal of old tickets, individual or mass (see
FAQ # 26 on the Links page)
Dismissal of a current ticket (see FAQ # 41 on the
Links page)
Disqualifying the judge (see Challenges, in this
Index)
Distracting activities (see SB 1800, in this
Index)
Documents, for a particular city (see that city's
section on the Camera Towns page)
Documents, getting (see the Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Donations (see the Action page)
Driver, you don't have to identify (see Defect # 1
on the Home page, and
the It's Not Me! section on the
Your Ticket page)
Driver's photo (see Defect # 1)
Duration (see Late Time, in this Index)
East LA, California, unincorporated area within
Los Angeles County (see
two places on the Camera Towns
page)
Editor, contacting (see Contacting Webmaster, in
this Index)
Editorials (see the Links page)
Egregious of violation - time into red (see
Reports
Available)
Email address for website (see bottom of the
Action page)
Emergency, or emergency vehicle behind you (see
Necessity Defense, in this Index)
Encroachment Permits (see the CalTrans section, on
the Links page)
Engineering countermeasures (see Alternatives, in
this Index)
Enhancement of red light, RedFlex patent for (see
Defect # 10-D, on the Home page)
Equal protection (see FAQ # 22 on the Links page)
Error, inadvertent, by the police (see Truth in
Evidence, in this Index)
Evidence, exclusion of (see Truth in
Evidence, in this Index)
Evidence, hearsay (see Defect # 10 - D on the Home
page, and the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Evidence, poor-quality copies of (see Best
Evidence, in this Index)
Exchange of violation info between states (see FAQ
# 39)
Extensions (see the Your Ticket page, and FAQ # 31
on the Links page)
FAQ (see the Links page)
FHWA guidelines (see Guidelines, federal, in this
Index)
FOIA (see CPRA, in this Index)
FYT, FYT Addenda (see Fight Your Ticket, in this
Index)
Fake tickets (see the "Police Going Too Far..."
section of the Your Ticket page)
Farradyne (see PB Farradyne, in this Index)
Favoritism (see FAQ # 22 on the Links page)
Federal guidelines (see Guidelines, in this Index)
Fight Your
Ticket (the book), FYT Addenda (see the
review of FYT in Sec. 1 of the Links page)
Fight Your Ticket, JP's (a former website) (see
Speeding Ticket section on the Links page)
Filament Defect (see Lamps, in this Index)
Financials, Culver City (see the Culver City
Documents page)
Fines, size and distribution of (see FAQs # 15 and
16, on the Links page)
Fines, reduced (see the Your Ticket page)
Finley, Karen, former CEO of RedFlex (see FAQ # 34
on the Links page)
Fire engine or ambulance behind you (see Necessity
Defense, in this Index)
Fischetti, People vs., appellate court decision
(see Defect # 6 and Defect # 10 on the Home page)
Flashed, some cars not getting flashed at right
turn (see FAQ # 27 on the Links page)
Fleet vehicle (see Company Car, in this Index)
FOIA (see CPRA, in this Index)
Foundation (see Defect # 10, and Aug. 24, 2004
entry in the Hawthorne section on
the Camera Towns page)
FYT, FYT Addenda (see Fight Your Ticket, in this
Index)
GC Services (see Collections, in this Index)
Garmin GPS, to warn of camera locations
(see FAQ # 11 on the Links page)
Gatso, the latest entry into the California camera
biz (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Gatto Trap (see AB 529 of 2011, on the Action
page)
Gatto Yellow (see AB 529 of 2011, on the Action
page)
Getting government records (see the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Goldsmith, People vs., court decision (see Defect
# 10 - D on the Home page, and Appeal Decisions,
in this Index)
Goulet (see Speed Trap defense, in this Index)
GPS-based systems, to warn of camera locations
(see FAQ # 11 on the Links page)
Grace Period (see Section 3 on the Action/Legis
page)
Grand Jury reports (see the Citrus Heights, Daly
City, Fremont, Garden Grove, Marysville, Menlo
Park, Millbrae,
Napa, Oxnard, San Mateo,
San Rafael, Santa Ana and Ventura Docs pages)
Green
light, too short (see Churning, in this Index)
Gridlock ticket, by mail (see the West Hollywood
Docs page)
Guide to Journalism Law in California, The
CalAware (see the Reference section on the Links
page)
Guidelines, Uniform, City's (see Uniform
Guidelines, in this Index)
Guidelines, federal, for warning signs (see Defect
# 4 on the Home page)
Guidelines, federal, for camera site selection
(see Defect # 9 on the Home page)
Gunfire (see Necessity Defense, in this Index)
Halo crash avoidance system, by RedFlex - do a
search for "halo" using Method 1, below.
Hearsay (see Defect # 10 - D on the Home page, and
the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Helping (see Help and Info Needed section on the
Action page)
Highway Safety Group website (see the Links page)
History of red light cameras (see Highway Safety
Group in Sec. 1 of the Links page, and FAQ # 15)
Hollywood Bowl (see MRCA in this Index)
Home / Defects page
Humor (see Section 7 on the Links page and Section
6.5 on the Action page)
Identifying the driver - you don't have to (see
Defect # 1 on the Home page, and the
It's Not Me! section on the
Your Ticket page)
Ignoring a ticket in LA County - yes you
can! (see Set # 2 on the LA County Docs
page)
Image enhancement of red light, RedFlex patent for
(see Defect # 10-D, on the Home page)
Inadvertent error by the police (see Truth in
Evidence, in this Index)
Incomplete ticket (see Defect # 8 on the Home
page)
Industry PR - and Ours (see the
Industry
PR page)
Information wanted (see the Action page, and the
East LA section on the Camera Towns page)
Information about your ticket, questionnaire for
supplying (see the Action page)
Initiative (see the Action page)
Interstate exchange of violation info - Interstate
Compacts (see FAQ # 39)
Introduction (see the Home page)
Ipod apps, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ #
11 on the Links page)
Is it you in the picture? (see the Your Ticket
page)
It's Not Me! (see the Your Ticket page)
John Allen, People vs. (see Allen, in this Index)
Join / Action page (see the Action page)
Journalists (see the Help and Info
Needed/Journalists section on the Action page)
Judge's opinion of cameras (see the Links page)
Khaled, People vs., court decision (see Defect #
10 - D on the Home page, and Appeal Decisions, in
this Index)
Kuehl, Sheila, Los Angeles County Supervisor and
Former State
Senator (see SB 1300 in
the Legislation section on the Action page)
LA County (see the Camera Towns page)
Labor Code violations by camera companies (see
Prevailing Wage, in this Index)
Lamps, warm up time (see Defect # 7 on the Home
page)
Late Time, defined, and how to read (see purple
box in Defect # 7 on the Home page)
Late Time reports (see
Reports
Available)
Law (see the Home page)
Laws, codes, etc., researching (see the Links
page)
Lawsuits (see Class Action suits, in this Index)
Lawyers, referral to (see the Disclaimers section
on the Home page)
Lease: What is the montly cost to lease a
camera system? (see FAQ # 17, on the Links page)
LEDs, warm up time (see Lamps, in this Index)
Left turns (see Churning, in this Index, and
Sacramento
Left Yellow Brief)
Left turns, quantity of tickets for (see
Reports
Available)
Legislation, new, hot (see the Action page)
Legislation, existing (see FindLaw on the Links
page)
Legislator, finding (see the Action page)
Letters (see the Links page)
Library (see the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions)
License plate covers, louvers or sprays (see FAQ #
11 on the Links page)
License plates, confidential, un-listed, or
protected (See FAQ # 22 on the Links page)
License points to out-of-state drivers (see FAQ #
39, on the Links page)
Light bulbs, warm up time (see Lamps, in this
Index)
Limit line, backing up after crossing (see FAQ #
30 on the Links page)
Limousine (see Company Car, in this Index)
Linking (see the Help and Info Needed section on
the Action page)
Links / Ref /
FAQ page
Lobbying by Industry (see the
Industry
PR page)
Local ordinance (not CVC) used to issue moving
violation tickets (see Section 9 on the Links page
and SB 949 on
the Action page)
Locations, most common camera locations (see FAQ #
35 on the Links page)
Locations, inappropriate (see Defect # 9 on the
Home page, and FAQ # 6 on the Links page)
Lockheed (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
MRCA - Mountains Recreation and Conservation
Authority (see the Camera Towns page)
MTA (see Metro, in this Index)
Magellan GPS, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ
# 11 on the Links page)
Manufacturers (see Camera Companies, in this
Index)
Maradudin letter (see Expanded version of Defect #
2)
Marking, of pavement, effect of (see Alternatives,
in this Index)
Maryland cameras (see the Links page)
Map, Culver City camera locations (see the Culver
City Documents page)
Mathews, Judge Keith E. (see the News
section of the Links page)
Measuring length of yellow (see Yellow, in this
Index)
Medical emergency (see Necessity Defense, in this
Index)
Melendez-Diaz - hearsay evidence (see Defect # 10
- D on the Home page, and
the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Mesa, Arizona, City of (see the Expanded Version
of Defect # 2 and
City of
Mesa, Arizona, Documents)
Metro - Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority (see the Metro
section on the Camera Towns page)
Mobile photo enforcement (see MRCA in this Index)
Motion to dismiss, by cop at trial (see 1385,
above, in this Index)
Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority
(see MRCA in this Index)
Movement, ticketing broken down by (right, left,
straight) (see
Reports
Available)
Moving case to County Seat (see Change of Venue,
in this Index)
Moving violation ticket issued under local
ordinance not CVC (see Section 9 on the Links page
and SB 949 on
the Action page)
Multiple tickets in a short period of time (see
FAQ # 40, on the Links page)
Municipal ordinance (not CVC) used to issue moving
violation tickets (see Section 9 on the Links page
and SB 949 on
the Action page)
NCHRP 2012 report recommending longer yellows
nationwide (see the Expanded Version of Defect #
2)
NCSR - National Coalition for Safer Roads (see
ATS, in this index)
NMA - National Motorists Association (see the
Links page)
Navigation systems, to warn of camera locations
(see FAQ # 11 on the Links page)
Necessity Defense (see FAQ # 25, on the Links
page)
Nestor (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
No bail required (see Bail, in this index)
No-point violation (see Coasting, in this Index)
No record of citation on court's automated (phone
or Internet) system (see FAQ # 31 on the
Links page)
Nomination (see Fake Ticket, in this Index)
Non-California drivers (see FAQ # 39, on the Links
page)
Notice of Nonliability (a fake ticket - see the
"Police Going Too Far..." section of the Your
Ticket page)
Notice of Traffic Violation (see the "Police Going
Too Far..." section of the Your Ticket page)
Notice of commencement of red light camera
program, requirement to give (see Defect # 6,
Expanded)
O.R. (Release on Own Recognizance - no cash bail
required) (see Feb 7, 2003 Culver
City Chronology on the Camera
Towns page)
Old tickets, re-opening (see Re-opening, in this
Index)
Operators (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Orange light (see Yellow light, in this Index)
Ordinance, muni or county (not CVC), used to issue
moving violation tickets (see Section 9 on
the Links page and SB 949 on
the Action page)
Oropeza, Jenny, State Assemblywoman (see AB 1022
on the Action page)
Other California Towns (see the Your Ticket page)
Out-of-state drivers (see FAQ # 39, on the Links
page)
PB Farradyne (see the San Diego Documents page)
PC - Peremptory Challenge (see Challenges, in this
Index)
PC 1385 (see 1385, above, in this Index)
Pacific Palisades (see MRCA in this Index)
Paid tickets, re-opening (see Re-opening, in this
Index)
Park, People v. (see Appeal Decisions, in this
Index)
Parking tickets (see Section 10 on the Links page)
Patent for image enhancement of red light, Redflex
(see Defect # 10-D, on the Home page)
Pavement markings, effect of (see Alternatives, in
this Index)
Pay, how much do cities pay for camera systems?
(see FAQ # 17, on the Links page)
Pay-per-ticket - prohibition of (see Subsection B.
of Defect # 10 on the Home page)
Pay to Play Bribery (see FAQ # 34 on the Links
page)
Payment Plans (see the Your Ticket page)
Penalty points to out-of-state drivers (see FAQ #
39, on the Links page)
Pennsylvania (see News section on the Links page)
Percentile speed (see 85th Percentile Speed, in
this Index)
Peremptory Challenges (see Challenges, in this
Index)
Perjury (see FAQ # 21 on the Links page, and
Defect # 1 on the Home page)
Phishing Ticket (see Fake Ticket, in this Index)
Phone calls from police, creepy (see "Police Going
Too Far..." on the Your Ticket page)
Photo enforcement (umbrella term for red
light cameras and speeding ticket cameras)
Photo enhancement of red light, RedFlex patent for
(see Defect # 10-D, on the Home page)
Photo
Grading page
Photo Radar (see Speeding Ticket Cameras, in this
Index)
PhotoBlocker
(tm) license plate
spray (see FAQ # 11 on the Links page)
Photos, car's position in (see FAQ # 32 on the
Links page)
Photos, poor-quality copies of (see Best
Evidence, in this Index)
Photos on camera company's website, How to copy
and save (see FAQ # 43 on the Links page)
Platinum Equity, LLC (see Camera Companies, in
this Index)
Points for out-of-state drivers (see FAQ # 39, on
the Links page)
Porche, Dep., LA Sheriff, papers by:
Civilianization
Minimum
Yellow Proof
of Service
Posted Speed (see the Expanded Version of Defect #
2 and
Defining
Approach Speed)
Posting of intersection (see Sign Requirements, in
this Index)
Poway, California, City of (see the "Police Going
Too Far..." section of the Your Ticket
page, and the Camera Towns
page)
PR by Industry (see the
Industry
PR page)
Pre-emptory Challenges (see
Peremptory
Challenges, in this Index)
Prevailing
Wage
Pro Tem - temporary judge (see the About Your
Judge box in Section 3 of the Your Ticket page)
Probable Cause, Lack of (see the 2014 Tho-- case
in
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions,
and Defect # 10 - E)
Profiling (see FAQ # 22 on the Links page)
Proof of Service (see Defect # 8 on the Home page)
Propositions 8, 28, and 115 (see Truth in
Evidence, in this Index)
Protected license plates (see FAQ # 22 on the
Links page)
Public hearing, requirement to conduct (see Defect
# 6, Expanded)
Public notice, requirement to give 30 days before
commencement of program (see Defect # 6, Expanded)
Public records, received from Culver City (see the
Culver City Documents page)
Public Records Act (see CPRA, in this Index)
Public trial (see Set # 3 on the Culver City
Documents page, and FAQ # 1 on the Links page)
Questionnaire (see the Action page)
Quotas (see Ticket Quotas, in this Index)
R.O. (abbreviation for "registered owner")
Radar speed surveys (see Speed Trap defense, in
this Index)
Rear end accidents (see FAQ # 19 on the Links
page)
Rebound (see FAQ # 6 on the Links page)
Reciprocal agreements for the exchange of
violation info between states (see FAQ # 39)
Record on appeal, Motion to Augment - example (see
the Franco case
in the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
)
Recording your trial (see Taping a trial, in this
Index)
Records, getting government records (see the
Getting
Records/Discovery page)
Red light looks yellow on ticket (see FAQ # 20 on
the Links page)
Red Light Running Crisis, Is It Intentional, The
(Paper by Cong. Armey) (see the Links page)
Red time (see Late Time, in this Index)
RedFlex (see Camera Companies, in this Index, and
FAQ # 37)
Reduced fine/amnesty (see the 2021 CalMatters
article in the Ignore Your Ticket? section near
the top of the Your Ticket page, and
the big box near the top of the Handling Your
Ticket section on the Your Ticket page)
Refunds, big (see East LA and Bakersfield in this
Index, and Costa Mesa and Union City on
the Camera Towns page)
Refunds, old tickets (see Re-opening, in this
Index)
Reference works (see the Links page)
Rent, monthly, for camera systems (see FAQ # 17,
on the Links page)
Re-opening old cases (see Dismissal, in this
Index)
Repeated (multiple) tickets in a short period of
time (see FAQ # 40, on the Links page)
Reports (see
Reports
Available)
Reseda (see MRCA in this Index)
Reversal, old tickets (see Dismissal, in this
Index)
Right to speedy trial (see FAQ # 28 on the Links
page)
Right turns, enforcement on (see Defect # 9 on the
Home page, FAQs # 4, 15, 27 and # 37, and the
Legislation section)
Right turns, quantity of tickets for (see
Reports
Available)
Rochin v. California (see Truth in Evidence, in
this Index)
Rosenberg, Aaron (see the 2013 RedFlex v.
Rosenberg case, in the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions
)
SB 57, SB 466, SB 780, SB 949, SB 1300, SB 1325,
SB 1800, SB 1900 (Senate bills) (see the Action
page)
SWITRS - Statewide Integrated Traffic (accident)
Records System,
examples (see Set # 12 of
Culver City
Documents, and Set # 3 of
Hawthorne
Documents.)
Sacramento, City or County of (see
Sacramento
Left
Yellow Brief, and the Camera Towns page)
Sample citation (see Citation, sample, in this
Index)
San Jose, California, City of (see Humor section
on the Links page, the "Police Going Too
Far..." section of the Your Ticket
page, and the Camera Towns page)
Santa Monica Mountains (see MRCA in this Index)
Save photos from camera company's website, How to
(see FAQ # 43 on the Links page)
Second Offender traffic school (see Traffic
School, in this Index)
Service of ticket (see Defect # 8 on the Home
page)
Settled Statement, sample (see the
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions.)
Sheriff - ticket issued by (see Disambiguation,
near the bottom of the Camera Towns page)
Sign, Blank Out (see Set # 6 on the Metro Docs
page and Sign Requirements, in this Index)
Sign requirements (see Defect # 4 on the Home
page, FAQ # 27, and
Sign
Requirements)
Signal lamp color (see FAQ # 20 on the Links page)
Signal timing chart, example (see the Costa Mesa
section on the Camera Towns page)
Simitian, Joseph, former California State Senator
(see SB 1303 of 2012 on the ActionLegis page)
Sirens behind you (see Necessity Defense, in this
Index)
Smart phone, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ
# 11 on the Links page)
Snitch tickets (see Fake Tickets, in this Index)
Speed cameras (see Speeding Ticket Cameras, in
this Index)
Speed ("V") shown on the first and second
photos: Why is it the same figure?
(see FAQ # 37, on the Links page)
Speed Trap defense (see FAQ # 24 on the Links
page, and the Speeding Ticket section at the
bottom of the Links page)
Speeding ticket (or warning) cameras (see SB 466,
SB 1300 and SB 1325 on the Action page, the Humor
section and the Speeding Ticket
section on the Links page, and the MRCA, San Jose
and Los Angeles
sections on the Camera Towns
page)
Speeding ticket issued under local ordinance not
CVC (see Section 9 on the Links page and SB 949 on
the Action page)
Speeding ticket websites (see the bottom of the
Links page)
Speedy trial, the right to (see FAQ # 28 on the
Links page)
Sprays to cover license plate (see FAQ # 11 on the
Links page)
Stay of Sentence - to preserve traffic school
during appeal (see the Appeal section of the Your
Ticket page)
Steady red light - an element of the crime (see
Defect # 7 on the Home page)
Stenographer (see Taping a Trial, in this Index)
Stop sign ticket issued under local ordinance not
CVC (see Section 9 on the Links page and SB 949 on
the Action page)
Stop sign photo enforcement (see MRCA in this
Index)
Stopped, but a couple feet too late (See FAQ # 30,
on the Links page)
Stopping distances (see Defect # 9 on the Home
page, and
Stopping
Distance Chart)
Street markings, effect of (see Alternatives, in
this Index)
Studies of accidents (see FAQ # 19, on the Links
page, and the
Industry
PR page)
Subpoenas (see the Getting Records page)
Suppliers of cameras (see Camera Companies, in
this Index)
Surveys, radar speed (see Speed Trap defense, in
this Index)
Suspended sentence, definition (see the
small
Often-Misunderstood Courthouse Terminology box
in the Handling Your Ticket
section on the Your Ticket page)
SWITRS - Statewide Integrated Traffic (accident)
Records System, examples (see Set # 12
of
Culver City
Documents, and Set # 3 of
Hawthorne
Documents.)
TBD, or TDN (see Trial by Declaration in this
Index)
TS (see Traffic School, in this Index)
Taping a trial (see
Taping Your
Trial)
Taxi cab (see Company Car, in this Index)
Tailgaters (see Necessity Defense, in this Index)
Temescal Canyon (see MRCA in this Index)
Texas cameras (see the Links page)
Threshold speed (see FAQ # 27 on the Links page)
Tickets (see the Your Ticket page)
Ticket count reports (see
Reports
Available)
Ticket quotas (see Defect # 9 on the Home page)
Ticket, sample (see Citation, sample, in this
Index)
Ticket incomplete (see Defect # 8 on the Home
page)
Time into red (see Late Time, in this Index)
Time payment plans (see Payment Plans, in this
Index)
Timing chart (see Signal timing chart, in this
Index)
TomTom, to warn of camera locations (see FAQ # 11
on the Links page)
Topanga (see MRCA in this Index)
Traffic accident records, getting - (see SWITRS,
in this Index)
Traffic School, preserving it during appeal (see
the Appeal section of the Your Ticket page)
Traffic School, traffic school after losing at
trial (see the Editorial box on the Links page)
Traffic School - alternatives if ineligible (see
the Alternatives
box, in the Handling Your
Ticket section of the Your Ticket page)
Traffic School - alternatives for those having
Commercial Drivers License (see the Alternatives
box, in the Handling Your
Ticket section of the Your Ticket page)
Traffic Violation Notice (see the "Police Going
Too Far..." section of the Your Ticket page)
Transfer to County Seat (see Change of Venue, in
this Index)
Transcripts (see Trial Transcripts - samples, and
Taping a Trial, both in this Index)
Transol (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Trial, definition (see FAQ # 23 on the Links page)
Trial, Speedy, the right to (see FAQ # 28 on the
Links page)
Trial by Declaration, Trial de Novo (see the Your
Ticket page)
Trial Transcript, of your trial (see Taping a
trial, in this Index)
Trial Transcripts - samples (see
Library
of Transcripts, Briefs, and Court Decisions)
Trigger speed (see FAQ # 27 on the Links page)
Truth in
Evidence
Two or more tickets in a short period of time (see
FAQ # 40, on the Links page)
Un-listed license plates (see FAQ # 22 on the
Links page)
Uniform Guidelines and Procedures, City's (part of
Discovery, see
the Getting Records page, and
Defect # 10 on the Home page. For Federal
guidelines,
see Guidelines, federal, in
this Index)
Unintentional running (see FAQ # 6 on the Links
page)
Union City, California, City of (see the "Police
Going Too Far..." section of the Your Ticket
page, and the Camera Towns
page)
Unpublished Cases (see Appeals Decisions, in this
Index)
V (when found in data box on ticket, stands for
speed of the car. See also FAQ # 37)
Vendors (see Camera Companies, in this Index)
Venue, Change of (see Change of Venue, in this
Index)
Violation info - reciprocal agreements for
interstate exchange (see FAQ # 39)
Visiting drivers (see FAQ # 39, on the Links page)
Wage,
Prevailing
Waiver, accepting a Pro Tem judge (see the About
Your Judge box in Section 3 of the Your Ticket
page)
Warning Period, 30-day, lack of (see Defect # 6 on
the Home page)
Warning Tickets (see Defect # 6 on the Home page)
Warning Sign Requirements (see Sign Requirements,
in this Index)
Washington DC (see News section on the Links page)
Washington State cameras (see the Links page)
Webb, Gary (see Bohl)
Webmaster's email address (see bottom of the
Action page)
WeHo (see City of West Hollywood, on the Camera
Towns page)
West Hollywood gridlock ticket, by mail (see the
West Hollywood Docs page)
West LA/Westwood (see either the City of Los
Angeles, or Los Angeles County, on the Camera
Towns page)
What's Really New or Hot? (see the Home page)
Whittier / Atlantic intersection (see the East LA
section on the Camera Towns page)
Witnesses, the right to confront (See Defect # 10
- D on the Home page)
Wozniak, People vs. (see Traffic School, in this
Index)
Xerox/ACS/Conduent (see Camera Companies, in
this Index)
Yellow Change Intervals, table of (see
Expanded version of Defect # 2)
Yellows, longer, effect of (see FAQ # 6 on the
Links page)
Yellows, deliberate shortening, incidents of (see
FAQ # 6, on the Links page)
Yellow light looks red on ticket, or vice-versa
(see FAQ # 20 on the Links page)
Yellow light too short (see Expanded version of
Defect # 2)
Yellow, techniques to measure length (see
yellow-shaded box in Other California Towns Step 2
section on the Your Ticket
page)
Your Ticket page
3. Still
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Method # 2
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Also fill out some or all of the four boxes that
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Then hit search.
Please note that on Aug. 17, 2008,
highwayrobbery.net launched a new condensed
version of the Home/Defects page. If you
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